Lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus young adult patients Attending Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. We aimed to research association between serum lipid profile and blood glucose, hypothesizing that early detection and treatment of lipid abnormalities can minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder and cerebrovascular accident in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that was conducted at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Diabetic clinic in Zanzibar. MMH is the main referral hospital in Zanzibar. The hospital is located in the Stone Town, the historic centre of Zanzibar City. The hospital has an outpatient clinic, specialized clinics as well as several wards for in-patient services. Although termed as a referral hospital, basic outpatient services are also provided to the nearby communities. The study populations were those patients who presented themselves DC at Mnazi Mmoja hospital with type 2 diabetes, with the age between 18 to 45 years of age. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were evaluated. Correlation studies (Pearson’s correlation) were performed between the variables of blood glucose and serum lipid profile. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Serum lipid and lipoproteins were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non diabetic subjects except HLD-C which is significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic subjects. Cholesterol mean level value in diabetic patients was significantly higher than the mean serum of non diabetic subjects (p=0.001). Mean value of triglycerides in diabetic patients was significantly (p=0.001) increased compared to mean of non diabetic subjects. LD L-Cholesterol mean value in diabetic patients was statistically significant (p=0.001) higher than the mean value of non diabetic subjects. Same results (p<0.05) were found when we compared glucose and lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL and HDL) in subgroups type2 DM and control subjects.