Abstract:
Introduction: Hemangiomas arise from the proliferation of endothelial cells surrounding blood-filled
cavities. They have a slightly higher female predilection and about 60–70% of them occur in the head and neck
region. Various medical and surgical options are available for the treatment of hemangiomas. Aim: To determine the
pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas in Tanzania. Material and methods: This was a
one-year prospective, cross-sectional study that involved all consecutive patients with head and neck hemangiomas
treated in Muhimbili National Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information including age and
sex of the patient, chief complaint and, duration, size and site of the lesion. The treatment modalities were surgery
and/or intralesional bleomycin injection (IL-Bleo). A standard dose of bleomycin was 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg per injection
not exceeding 15 units per cycle with a maximum of 6 cycles. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were
performed and association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, whereby the p-value was set at
p < 0.05. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 and the
median age was 6.15 years. Majority (74%) of the patients had infantile hemangioma. The most common presenting
complaint of patients/guardians of the patients were facial disfigurement (94.8%), pain (32.8%) and ulceration
(22.4%). The most frequently involved sites were the lips (55.2%) followed by the cheeks (37.9%). In patient who
were managed surgically, there was a 100% reduction in size of the lesion. Of those who were treated with bleomycin,
the percentage reduction in the area of the lesion ranged from 8.33% to 100% with mean of 72.6%. Only 6% of the
patient had post IL-Bleo complications. Conclusion: Head and Neck hemangiomas are more common in females and
majority are infantile hemangioma. Facial disfigurement is the commonest presenting complication of these lesions,
and the lips and the cheeks are mostly affected areas. Intralesional bleomycin is an effective treatment modality
which has low complication rates.
