Abstract:
In Africa, there is dearth of information on antimicrobial use (AMU) in agriculture and
food production systems and its consequential resistance in pathogens that affect animal, human and
environmental health. Data published between 1980 and 2021 on the magnitude of AMU and AMR
in agriculture and food productions systems in Africa were reviewed. Data from 13–27 countries
in Africa indicate that 3558–4279 tonnes of antimicrobials were used in animals from 2015 to 2019.
Tetracyclines and polypeptides contributed the largest proportion of antimicrobials used. Cattle
and poultry production account for the largest consumption of antimicrobials in Africa. Although
limited studies have reported AMR in crops, fish and beekeeping, AMR from a variety of farm
animals has been substantially documented in Africa. Some countries in Africa have developed
policies/plans to address AMU and AMR in agriculture and food production systems; however, their
enforcement is challenged by weak regulations. In conclusion, although there is limited information
on the quantities of antimicrobials used in agriculture and food production system, the levels of
AMR are high. There is a need to strengthen regulatory authorities with a capacity to monitor AMU
in agriculture and food production systems in Africa.
