Abstract:
Background: There is limited evidence in Africa on the design and development of mobile health (mHealth) applications to
guide best practices and ensure effectiveness. A pragmatic trial for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis roll-out among key populations
in Tanzania is needed.
Objective: We present the results of the development of a mobile app (Jichunge) intended to promote adherence to pre-exposure
prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) in Tanzania.
Methods: A participatory design approach was employed and guided by the information system research framework. MSM
and FSW were the target populations. A total of 15 MSM and 15 FSW were engaged in the relevance and design cycles, while
the piloting phase included 10 MSM and 20 FSW.
Results: The relevance cycle enabled the description of the existing problem, provided the compatible app features for the target
population, and identified the need to develop an mHealth app that provides health services in a stigmatizing and discriminating
environment. User involvement in the app’s design and evaluation provided an opportunity to incorporate social, cultural, and
community-specific features that ensured usability. In addition, the participants suggested valuable information to inform the
app, text message services, medication registration, and chat platform designs.
Conclusions: The participatory design approach in the development of mHealth apps is useful in identifying and validating
population-specific functional features, improve usability, and ensuring future health impacts. Through this participatory process,
the Jichunge app took end-user needs, perspectives, and experiences into account, eliciting enthusiasm regarding its potential
role in supporting pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence for HIV and related behavioral change promotion.
Trial Registration: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform PACTR202003823226570;
https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=PACTR202003823226570
