Exploring factors influencing Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine uptake among pregnant women at Kinondoni municipal in Dar es salaam

Abstract

v ABSTRACT Background Maternal and neonatal tetanus are major global health issues, with Africa being the most affected. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health recommend women to receive at least five tetanus diphtheria (Td) vaccines during their reproductive years to develop lifelong protective antibodies. In Tanzania, 57% of women of reproductive age have received two doses of Td vaccines highlighting the need for comprehensive understanding. Purpose: To explore factors influencing Td vaccination uptake among pregnant women at Kinondoni Municipal Dar-es-salaam. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted among 13 women receiving antenatal care (ANC) at Magomeni Health Center (MHC). The study utilized purposive sampling and collected data through in-depth interviews (IDI), recordings, and field notes using an in-depth interview guide. Audios were verbatim transcribed and triangulated with field notes. Thematic content analysis was done, wherein line coding was conducted and aggregated into categories and, eventually themes. Findings: The study identified key facilitators for Td vaccine uptake, including motivation and education from healthcare providers, availability of vaccines and information at health facilities, and encouragement from family and community stories. Barriers to completing the vaccine doses included personal challenges like forgetting the vaccine card, childcare responsibilities, late ANC visits due to fear of pregnancy disclosure, and lack of information. Health facility-related barriers were inadequate vaccine supply, lack of appointment systems, and distance to the health facility, with some participants expressing frustration over multiple unsuccessful visits. Conclusion: The Td vaccine is crucial for pregnant women to prevent neonatal tetanus. Full vaccination ensures immunity, with at least two doses needed for optimal protection. Overcoming barriers through education, improved healthcare strategies, and community support is essential to increase uptake and ensure better protection against Tetanus-diphtheria.