Search for new antibacterial compounds by in vitro biotransformation of selected antibiotics on market using pleurotus ostreatus mushroom

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background:Research and development of the new antibacterial agents are among the strategized measures to combat antimicrobial resistance(AMR). In the recent decades, biotransformation has been demonstrated as an alternative and effective approach for scavenging the new molecules. There is a high probability of obtaining active metabolites through biotransformation of known compounds possessing antibacterial activities.This study intended to search for new compounds by biotransformation of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin using Pleurotusostreatus mushroom. Method: Pleurotusostreatus mushroom culture was spiked with antibiotics and incubated for 12 days. The mixture was extracted and analysed by using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC) method to identify newly formed compounds. The TLC chromatograms were then subjected to agar overly bioautography to determine antibacterial activity of the new compounds. Results: Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics were bio transformed to new compounds. The TLC analysis indicated that ceftriaxone was bio transformed to give three new spots and ciprofloxacin gave only one new spot which infer the formation of new compounds from biotransformation by P. ostreatus mushroom. Bioautography showed the new spots from biotransformation of ceftriaxone to be active againstS. aureus both standard and clinical isolates as well as active against MRSA strains. The new spot from biotransformation of ciprofloxacin was only active to standard of E. coli. Conclusion: P. ostreatusmushroom has the potential to bio transform antibiotics to form new compounds. This shows biotransformation can be an alternative tool in searching of new compounds. The newly formed compounds from biotransformation showed activity against diseases causing bacteria and hence can be useful in drugs discovery and development. Key terms; Biotransformation, Pleurotusostreatus, Antimicrobial resistance, Bioautography