Prevalence and associated factors of Chronic Kidney disease among Hypertensive patients attending cardiac clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital-Mloganzila, Tanzania

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a disease of major public health importance and affects many people globally. Hypertension and Diabetes are major causes of CKD Worldwide. Early detection and prevention of CKD plays a big role in reducing the burden and progression of CKD. Little is known about the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among Hypertensive Patients attending cardiac clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital-Mloganzila. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among Hypertensive Patients attending cardiac clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital-Mloganzila Material and Methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional study design with quantitative approach. The study population included hypertensive patients who were attending Muhimbili National Hospital Mloganzila with estimated sample size of 162. Simple random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Multivariate and univariate analysis were used to determine the association between factors and CKD status. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The proportion of patients with CKD among hypertensive patients was 34 (21%), Male 11 (32.4%), female 23(67.6%) Patients with primary and secondary education had a significantly lower risk of CKD compared to those with no formal education with aOR =0.201, 95% CI: 0.054-0.750, p=0.017 and aOR =0.157, 95% CI: 0.036-0.696, p=0.015 respectively. Additionally, patients without diabetes had a significantly lower risk of CKD compared to those with diabetes (aOR= 0.290, 95% CI: 0.113-0.747, p=0.012) while uncontrolled hypertension have increased risk of CKD (adOR=3.851, 95% CI 0.167-0.921 p=0.045) Conclusion: There are significant burden of CKD among hypertensive patients. Higher education level, having no diabetic mellitus reduces the risk of CKD while uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of CKD. There is a need for further studies to explore the underlying causes and progression of CKD among hypertensive patients.