Exploring the experience of lifestyle modification practices among cardiovascular patients attending cardiac clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian medical Centre, Tanzania

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with lifestyle modification being a cornerstone in their management. Understanding the facilitators and barriers to lifestyle modification practices among CVD patients is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing disease burden. Objective: This study aims to explore the experience of lifestyle modification practices among cardiovascular patients attending the cardiac clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). Materials and Methods: A qualitative exploratory study design was employed to delve into the experiences of lifestyle behaviors among CVD patients. The study focused on in-depth interviews. The target population included adult CVD patients aged 18 and above attending the cardiac clinic at KCMC, encompassing various CVD conditions. A total of 10 participants were recruited in this study after reaching saturation point. Data collection primarily involved semi-structured interviews supplemented by observational techniques to provide contextual understanding. Thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis, enabling the identification of key facilitators and barriers to lifestyle modifications among CVD patients. Results: The study included 10 participants from the study site, with ages ranging from 49 to 68 years. The results comprised of four major themes: 1) Understanding of lifestyle modification practices: Participants exhibited varying degrees of understanding, with notable confusion about the benefits of lifestyle changes. 2) Implementation of lifestyle modifications: Participants made commendable efforts in dietary adjustments and physical activities, despite facing challenges such as cultural preferences and physical limitations. 3) Facilitators: Perceived health benefits, strong social support networks, and guidance from healthcare providers were identified as crucial facilitators. 4) Barriers: Significant barriers included lack of consistent motivation, psychological stressors, social and environmental influences, and financial constraints. vi Conclusion: The findings highlight significant gaps in patient understanding of recommended lifestyle changes, often resulting in inconsistent adherence and suboptimal health outcomes. Despite these challenges, participants demonstrated commendable efforts in implementing dietary modifications and engaging in physical activities, albeit hindered by cultural preferences and physical limitations. The identification of facilitators such as perceived health benefits, social support networks, and healthcare guidance underscores the importance of comprehensive care approaches that integrate psychosocial support and patient empowerment strategies. Key terms: Cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle modification, patient experience, counseling, Behavioral change.