Patients’ lived experiences and coping mechanisms following mitral valve replacement at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es salaam Tanzania

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Mitral valve disease contributes to the mortality rate among valvular heart diseases globally and has a significant impact on the health of patients. Following mitral valve replacement, patients have to undergo life transitions to cope with living with artificial valves for the rest of their lives. This has physical, psychological and socio-economic impacts on the patient and the family; however, little has been explored about these experiences in the context of Tanzania and how the patients cope with the situation. Aim of the study: The objective of this study was to explore patients' lived experiences and coping mechanisms following mitral valve replacement at JKCI in Dar es Salaam Tanzania Material and Methodology: An explorative descriptive qualitative design was employed in this study. About 17 patients living with artificial mitral valves attending a cardiac clinic at JKCI were purposefully selected and interviewed where saturation of data was reached. An in-depth interview guide was used for data collection. Data from participants were audio-recorded then transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: The results showed three themes, the first theme being "quality of life" with four subthemes: (1) physical consequences, (2) social consequences, (3) economic consequences, and (4) psychological consequences. The second theme is "quality of care" with three subthemes: (1) patient-healthcare provider interaction, (2) treatment resources and accessibility, and (3) need for self-care training. The third theme is coping with life with four subthemes: (1) Socializing, (2) Accepting new life, (3) Religious coping, and (4) Seeking support. Conclusion: The results showed that patients after valve replacement present with physical, socio-economic, and emotional impacts. However by sharing experiences, implementing coping mechanisms, and accessing appropriate support networks, patients enhance their quality of life. Patients need to communicate openly with healthcare providers, and seek out resources personalized to their individual needs. Adapting to a new life may be challenging, but with good support and it is possible to lead a fulfilling life despite the presence of artificial valves. Keywords: Coping mechanisms, Lived experience, Mitral valve replacement, Valvular disease.