Experiences and perceptions of HIV counselling and testing among adolescent girls and young women in Mbeya city council, Tanzania

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of HIV in Tanzania is 4.5%, with Mbeya being the third region with the highest prevalence at 9.3%. Adolescent girls and Young Women (AGYW) are particularly vulnerable to HIV transmission. Despite extensive efforts to decrease HIV prevalence in the country, the risk remains high for AGYW in Mbeya. Previous studies have largely focused on general populations or specific intervention outcomes, leaving a gap in understanding the unique perceptions and experiences of AGYW regarding HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) services in this high-prevalence region. Objective: This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of adolescent girls and young women concerning HIV counselling and testing services in Mbeya City Council, Mbeya. Methods: The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach. An in-depth interview guide was used to collect data. A purposive sampling was used to select study participants. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically. Findings: AGYW face some barriers in accessing HCT services. Key obstacles include poor knowledge, fear, stigma, and misinformation about HIV, leading to reluctance to seek testing services. Societal attitudes, religious beliefs, and gender norms further exacerbate these barriers, hindering access to HCT services. While some AGYW reported positive experiences with HCT services, challenges such as prolonged waiting times, discomfort with older service providers, and concerns about confidentiality were also reported. Conclusion and Recommendations: AGYW face multiple challenges when accessing HCT services, including fear, stigma, and misinformation about HIV, compounded by societal norms, religious beliefs, and gender expectations. To enhance access to HCT services for AGYW, it is crucial to address the challenges, and tailor healthcare approaches.