Pravalence of depressive symptoms and risk factors among postpartum mothers at Sinza and Magomeni health in Kinondoni municipal- Dar es salaam, Tanzania

Abstract

Background: Postpartum depression is a transient mood that starts within four weeks up to one year after delivery, and is an important cause of morbidity and life threatening condition varying from 8% to 36% among women worldwide. Objectives:

This study sought to assess prevalence of depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors among postpartum mothers attending reproductive health and child health clinics. Methods: Using a cross-sectional methodology, 309 postpartum mothers aged 15 to 45 years delivered within one month to one year within the study period were conveniently enrolled from Sinza and Magomeni Health Centres (Kinondoni Municipality). Coded structured Kiswahili questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and an adapted "SONONA questionnaire" by the Ministry of Health and Social welfare was used to screen for depressive symptoms. Data entry and analysis was done using the SPSS version IS. Results: Out of 309 postpartum mothers, 53 (17.2%) mothers were found to have symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD). The overall prevalence of PPD symptoms was 17.2%; 95% Cl (13.0 - 21.4). Prevalence for Magomeni Health Centre was 16.9% (n=21); 95% Cl (10.3 - 23.5) and for Sinza was 17.3% (n=32); 95% Cl (11.9 - 22.8). On multivariate analysis, factors associated with PPD symptoms were; poor relationship with in-laws, poor relationship with husband, miscarriage, death of a child, lack of breastfeeding and having a higher number of children. Conclusion and recommendations: Post partum depression is a considerable problem that needs attention. However, early detection of postpartum depression is important in assisting postpartum mothers, and this should begin during prenatal period. Prevention of depression for nursing mothers helps not only the psychological well-being of the mothers but also the entire family. Postpartum depression is under-researched and under-reported, therefore priority should be given.